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XHTML
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Filename extension .xhtml, .html +, .htm +, .xht, .xml +
Internet media type application/xhtml+xml
Developed by World Wide Web Consortium +
Type Markup language
Standard XHTML 1.0
XHTML 1.1
XHTML 2.0 (Working Draft)
File formats category - v  e   edit
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The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is a markup language developed by the W3C as an extension of HTML (HTML 4) that conforms to XML syntax.

Document types[]

In XHTML 1.0, there are three DTDs which represent corresponding DTDs in HTML 4. These are:

  • XHTML-1.0-Strict - This excludes elements that were deprecated in HTML 4.
  • XHTML-1.0-Transitional - This matches HTML 4 Transitional and includes deprecated elements for backward compatibility.
  • XHTML-1.0-Frameset - Includes deprecated elements as well as support for framesets.

Versions[]

  • XHTML 1.0 is the first version. The second edition became a recommendation in August 2002.
  • XHTML 1.1 follows from XHTML 1.0 Strict, with a few changes: the addition of elements for ruby annotation, and the deprecation of the lang and name attributes.
  • XHTML 2.0
  • HTML 5

Specification[]

XHTML 2.0[]

XHTML 2.0 added some elements to the XHTML 1.x specification. These include:

  • <section> and <h>

In previous versions, document structure can only be inferred by the location of sections of text (that is, by using <h1>, <h2>, …). The <section> and <h> elements allows to specify the structure explicitly.

<h>Markup</h>
<section>
    <h>Introduction</h>
    <p>....</p>
    <section>
        <h>Structure</h>
        <p>....</p>
    </section>
</section>
  • <hr> is renamed to <separator>.
  • <br /> is replaced by the <l> element, which does not represent line breaks themselves but individual lines.
  • <nl> (navigation list) has been added.
  • The src attribute may be applied to any element, this replaces functionality given by the <img> element. It also allows for fallback functionality given by <object>.
  • The href attribute may be applied to any element and thus may become a hyperlink.
  • The edit attribute may be applied to any element and replaces functionality given by <ins> and <del>.
  • The events structure has been replaced by XML Events.
  • HTML Forms has been replaced by XForms.
  • Frame functionality is redefined through XFrames.
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